Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street Boston, MA 02108
April 27, 2009
What is swine influenza?
Swine influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by a type of influenza virus. Outbreaks of
swine flu happen regularly in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do
happen. Most commonly, human cases of swine flu happen in people who are around pigs but it’s possible for
swine flu viruses to spread from one person to another. In the United States there were 12 cases of swine flu in
people from 2006 through 2008. In March and April 2009 there have been many more cases of swine flu than
usual in both Mexico and the U.S. and the infections have spread from one person to another.
What are the symptoms of swine flu in people?
Swine flu causes symptoms very similar to seasonal (or human) flu. The most common symptoms of swine flu,
like seasonal flu, are fever, cough, and sore throat and can include body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.
Some people also have diarrhea and vomiting. There have been some people with swine flu who have been
sicker and have even died.
Is swine flu treatable in people?
People sick with any type of flu should make sure to drink enough fluids, get plenty of rest, eat healthy foods,
wash hands frequently and stay home to avoid spreading the flu to other people. The kinds of drugs used to treat
seasonal flu, called antivirals, can also be used to treat swine flu. There have been a few influenza viruses,
including the most recent swine flu, that are resistant to some, but not all, of these drugs. Healthcare providers
may recommend that people who are sick or appear to be sick with swine flu receive an antiviral medication.
How would I know if I have swine flu?
If you have symptoms of influenza as described above, and especially if you have recently traveled to an area
where there have been human cases of swine flu, contact your healthcare provider who will decide what type of
testing and treatment is right for you. To diagnose any kind of flu virus, a swab of the inside of your nose needs
to be collected by a doctor. Identification of a swine flu virus requires special laboratory testing.
If you think you might have swine flu and you need to see your health care provider, you should call ahead and
let them know you might have the flu. That way, precautions can be taken to avoid the spread of flu to others.
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